Ngiyenza kanjani iphrojekthi ku-Scratch futhi yiziphi izingxenye zohlelo lwe-Scratch?

Ngiyenza kanjani iphrojekthi ku-Scratch?

Uma ufuna ukudala iphrojekthi ohlelweni oludumile lwe-Scratch, nazi izinyathelo ezilula zokukusiza ukuthi uqalise:

1. Vula Scratch: Landa futhi ufake iScratch kukhompyutha yakho.
   Uma ukufakwa sekuqediwe, vula uhlelo.
2. Khetha ingemuva lephrojekthi: Khetha ingemuva lephrojekthi yakho ohlwini lwezizinda ezitholakalayo.
   Ungakhetha isizinda esenziwe ngomumo noma umdwebo wakho.
3. Engeza izinto: Engeza izinto ofuna zivele kuphrojekthi, njengezinhlamvu noma izinto ezigqwayizayo.
   Ungakhetha ezintweni eziningi ezitholakala kulabhulali ye-Scratch.
4. I-Object Programming: Hlela ukuziphatha kwezinto ezikuphrojekthi, njengokuzihambisa noma ukushintsha usayizi wazo.
   Ungasebenzisa amakhodi abonakalayo atholakala ku-Scratch ukuze uhlele izinto kalula futhi ngaphandle kwesidingo sohlelo oluvamile.
5. Engeza Imisindo: Engeza imisindo ethakazelisayo kuphrojekthi yakho.
   Ungarekhoda eyakho imisindo noma usebenzise imisindo eseyenziwe ngomumo kulabhulali ye-Scratch.
6. Ukuhlolwa Kwephrojekthi: Ngaphambi kokuthi usebenzise iphrojekthi yakho, ihlole ngokuyiqhuba futhi uqinisekise ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lulungile futhi luyasebenza.
7. Ukushicilela iphrojekthi: Ngemva kokuqinisekisa impumelelo yephrojekthi, ungayishicilela kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Scratch noma wabelane ngayo nabanye ngesixhumanisi esiqondile.

Iyini iphrojekthi ye-Scratch?

I-Project Scratch iyindawo elula nelula yokuhlela eyakhiwe iqembu le-Lifelong Kindergarten e-MIT.
I-Scratch ihloselwe kakhulu abaqalayo kanye nezingane, njengoba ihlose ukubenza bakwazi ukuthuthukisa amakhono okuhlela ngendlela elula nethakazelisayo.
Abasebenzisi bangadala izindaba ezisebenzisanayo, ukugqwayiza, umculo nemidlalo yobuciko, nokunye okudalwe ngekhompuyutha basebenzisa i-Scratch.
Ngesixhumi esibonakalayo esisebenziseka kalula, abasebenzisi bangangeza futhi bahlele izithombe, imisindo, nezinye izici kumaphrojekthi abo okudala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abasebenzisi bangashintsha isithombe sangemuva bese bengeza noma benze amaphethini abo.
I-Scratch ihlinzeka ngendawo ekahle yokufunda ukuhlela nokuthuthukisa ubuciko nokuveza ubuciko.

Yiziphi izingxenye zeScratch?

I-Scratch ingenye yezinhlelo zokufunda ezidume kakhulu zezingane nabaqalayo emhlabeni wezinhlelo.
Lolu hlelo kulula ukulusebenzisa futhi luyasebenzisana, njengoba luvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhe amaphrojekthi asebenzisanayo emikhakheni eminingi.
Uhlelo lweScratch luqukethe izingxenye eziningi ezifaka isandla ekudaleni amaphrojekthi, agqama kakhulu kuwo yilezi:

• Indawo yokusebenza: Lena indawo lapho amaphrojekthi akhiwa khona futhi ikhodi edingekayo nemiyalo yengezwe.
• Izifanekiso zephrojekthi: Isethi yezifanekiso zephrojekthi esezenziwe ngomumo inikezwa abasebenzisi ukuze bazuze futhi balungise ngokuvumelana nezidingo zabo.
• Izinhlamvu: Uhlelo lunezinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene nezimibalabala abasebenzisi abangazisebenzisa kumaphrojekthi abo, futhi bangenza ngendlela oyifisayo ukubukeka nokuziphatha kwalaba balingisi.
• Amabhulokhi wokuhlela: Amelela imiyalo ehlukene esetshenziswa kumaphrojekthi wezinhlelo. Akhona ngesimo samabhulokhi anemibala futhi kulula ukuwahudula nokuwaphonsa endaweni yokusebenza ukuze akhe ukulandelana kwemiyalo.
• Imicimbi nemiphumela: Uhlelo luvumela ukwengeza imicimbi ehlukahlukene njengokuchofoza inkinobho noma umcimbi wesenzo, nokwengeza imiphumela ebonakalayo nemisindo kumaphrojekthi.
• Imithetho enemibandela: Imithetho enemibandela ingelinye lamathuluzi abalulekile ekuhlelweni kwephrojekthi, njengoba ingasetshenziswa ukucacisa izimo ezithile ezithinta inkambo yokuqaliswa kwesofthiwe.

Idingani iScratch?

1. Ikhompyutha noma ithebhulethi: Kufanele ube nekhompyutha noma ithebhulethi esekela iScratch.
   I-Scratch ingalandwa mahhala kuwebhusayithi yayo esemthethweni futhi ifakwe kudivayisi.
2. Uxhumano lwe-inthanethi: Kunconywa ukuthi ube noxhumano lwe-inthanethi ukuze ufinyelele ukufunda okwengeziwe nezisetshenziswa ezitholakala ngewebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Scratch, okuhlanganisa nezinhlelo zesampula namaphrojekthi abiwe umphakathi.
3. Umqondo wokuhlela oyisisekelo: Nakuba iScratch kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi ihloselwe abasaqalayo, kuyanconywa ukuthi ube nemiqondo ethile yokuhlela eyisisekelo, njengokuqonda okuguquguqukayo, izimo, namaluphu.
4. Ilukuluku nokuzimisela ukuzama: I-Scratch iyinkundla yokufundisa esekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho nokutholakele.
   Ngakho-ke kufanele ube nelukuluku lokwazi futhi uzimisele ukuhlola izisekelo zezinhlelo futhi uzisebenzise ngokwakha awakho amaphrojekthi.
5. Ukudala kanye Nomcabango: I-Scratch ikuvumela ukuthi uzenzele eyakho imidlalo nezindaba ezisebenzisanayo, ngakho-ke kufanele ube nothando lokusungula kanye nomcabango ukuze udizayine amaphrojekthi ahlukile futhi aqanjwe kabusha.

Yiziphi izisekelo zohlelo lweScratch kanye nezingxenye zalo?

1. Amabhulokhi Okwakha Asebenza Ngokushesha: I-Scratch isayinda izinhlelo ngezitini ngesivinini esinensa kunesivamile, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi babone ukwenziwa kohlelo isinyathelo ngesinyathelo.
2. Amabhulokhi Wokwenza Okuvilapha: Nikeza abasebenzisi ithuba lokubuka uhlelo lusebenza kancane, olubasiza baqonde kangcono imiyalo nokusebenza.
3. Izincazelo ezibonakalayo: I-Scratch inikeza izincazelo zevidiyo ukufundisa izisekelo zayo, okwenza kube lula kubasebenzisi ukuqonda kangcono imibono nemiqondo.
4. Ibhodi Lamabhulokhi Okwakha: Liqukethe isethi yamabhulokhi wokwakha ahlukene angasetshenziswa ukwakha izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene.
   Lezi zakhiwo zihlanganisa ukuphindaphinda, izimo, ukulawula ukunyakaza, umsindo, ihluzo, nokunye okuningi.
5. Indawo Yokuhlela: Le ndawo ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathayiphe imiyalo futhi bahlele ngokunengqondo amabhulokhi wokwakha ukuze bakhe amaphrojekthi.
6. Iphaneli yezinto: Ibonisa zonke izinto ezikuphrojekthi yesofthiwe, njengezinhlamvu, imithelela yomsindo, nemifanekiso.
   Abasebenzisi bangahlela futhi bahambise izinto kalula.

Ubani umsunguli we-Scratch?

I-Scratch yasungulwa yiqembu le-Lifelong Kindergarten e-MIT.
Yakhiwa ngo-2007 e-Institute's Media Lab.
I-Scratch wuhlelo lokuhlela olulula nolusebenziseka kalula, oluqondiswe kakhulu kwabaqalayo kanye nezingane.
Yathuthukiswa ngenhloso yokufeza izinhloso zokufundisa, ivumela abafundi ukuthi bafunde futhi baveze amakhono abo.
Okufakwe ku-Scratch yizinto ezimangazayo ezitholwe yi-MIT kanye ne-Playful Invention ngenkathi kuthuthukiswa isofthiwe ekuqaleni kwawo-2000s.

Ukunyakaza kwenziwa kanjani ku-Scratch?

Sizofunda ukwenza izinto ziphile ku-Scratch futhi sisebenzise amabhulokhi wokwakha ahlobene.

1. Vula iphrojekthi entsha kokuthi Scratch bese ukhetha into ozoyigqwayiza.
2. Chofoza kubhulokhi ethi “Hambisa Phambili” ukuze uhambise into phambili ngenani elishiwo.
3. Sebenzisa ibhulokhi ethi Hambisa Emuva ukuze wenze into iye kolunye uhlangothi njengokuya phambili.
4. Ukuze ulawule isiqondiso sokunyakaza, sebenzisa amabhulokhi athi “Hambisa kwesokudla” kanye nokuthi “Hambisa kwesokunxele”.
   Uma uthinta leli bhulokhi, into izohamba ibheke lapho kushiwo khona.
5. Ukwengeza, ungasebenzisa ibhulokhi ye-Shintsha Isikhombisi-ndlela ukuze ucacise isiqondiso esisha lapho into okufanele ihambe khona.

Lawa amanye amabhulokhi wokwakha ayisisekelo akusiza ukuthi uhambise izinto ku-Scratch.
Ungasebenzisa la mabhulokhi wokwakha ngawodwana noma uwaqoqe ndawonye futhi usebenzise amabhulokhi wokwakha anemibandela neziphindaphindayo ukuze udale ukunyakaza okuyinkimbinkimbi.

Yiziphi izici zeScratch?

1. Idizayini yesixhumi esibonakalayo esilula: I-Scratch ifaka isixhumi esibonakalayo esiqondakala kalula nesisetshenziswa, njengoba izingane kanye nabantu abadala bengakwazi ukusebenzisana nohlelo kalula futhi kalula.
2. Ukuthuthukisa okudalwe ngekhompuyutha: Abasebenzisi bangathuthukisa izindaba ezisebenzisanayo, ukugqwayiza, umculo nemidlalo yobuciko, nokunye okuningi okudaliwe okwenziwe ngekhompyutha kusetshenziswa iScratch.
3. Ukusetshenziswa kalula: Ukuklwebha kuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bafake izithombe nemisindo futhi badale imidlalo nezindaba ezisebenzisanayo besebenzisa ulimi olulula, oluvulekile lokuhlela, lapho basebenzisa khona izinto eziyingcaca esikhundleni sekhodi eyinkimbinkimbi.
4. Ukuhlelela izingane: I-Scratch iwulimi lokuhlela oluhloselwe izingane, njengoba lwaklanywa ngendlela elula nelula futhi aludingi ulwazi lwangaphambili lwezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi zezinhlelo.
5. Kuyafundisa futhi kuyafundisa: Ithuthukiswe iqembu le-Lifelong Kindergarten e-MIT Media Lab, iScratch inikeza okuqukethwe okufundisayo okusiza abasebenzisi baqonde imiqondo eyinkimbinkimbi ngendlela elula nelula.

Ingabe i-Scratch imahhala?

Yebo, iScratch iyisicelo samahhala ongasilanda kalula.
Uhlelo luqukethe amathuluzi okuhlela adingekayo ukuze kufundiswe izingane ukwenza izithombe ezinyakazayo nemidlalo ngendlela elula nejabulisayo.
Ngenxa ye-Scratch, ungakha isizinda, izithombe kanye nokugqwayiza okungahle kuhlelwe ukuthi kuhambe ngezindlela ezahlukene.
Okungcono nakakhulu, akudingeki ukuthi udale i-akhawunti ukuze uqale ukuyisebenzisa, vele ulande uhlelo futhi ujabulele ulwazi lokudala olumangalisayo olunikezwa yi-Scratch.
I-Scratch iyinketho ekahle yezingane nabaqalayo abafuna ukuthuthukisa amakhono abo wokuhlela nokugqwayiza ngendlela elula nejabulisayo.

Yibuphi ububi beScratch?

1. Ukuntula ukusekelwa kolimi lwesi-Arabhu: Lokhu kungenye yeziphambeko ezibaluleke kakhulu uhlelo lwe-Scratch oluhlushwa yizo, njengoba lunganikezi ukusekelwa okugcwele kolimi lwesi-Arabhu.
   Lokhu kusho ukuthi abafundi abasebenzisa isi-Arabhu bangase bakuthole kunzima ukusebenzisana nesixhumi esibonakalayo sohlelo futhi baqonde imiyalo ngendlela efanele.
2. Imikhawulo emandleni okuklama nawokuhlela: Abanye abasebenzisi bangase babe nomuzwa wokuthi uhlelo lwe-Scratch luntula amanye amakhono namathuluzi atholakala kwezinye izinhlelo zokuhlela.
   Isibonelo, kungase kube nemikhawulo ekungezeni ihluzo ezingokwezifiso noma izithombe, nokusebenzisa ikhodi ethile ethuthukisiwe.
3. Amathuba okudideka phakathi kwamaphrojekthi namakhodi: Amaphrojekthi wabafundi namakhodi awo ku-Scratch angase adideke kalula, okungase kubangele ubunzima ekuhleleni nasekuphatheni amaphrojekthi.
   Abafundi kumele balandele imikhuba emihle ukuze bagweme lokhu kubi.
4. Ukuntuleka kosekelo oluphelele lobuchwepheshe: Abasebenzisi be-scratch bangase babhekane nobunzima bokuthola ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe okudingekayo uma kwenzeka kuba nezinkinga noma imibuzo.
   Kungase kube nzima ukuthola izimpendulo ezisheshayo ezinkingeni zobuchwepheshe noma imibuzo.

Ngifuna ukuqala iphrojekthi futhi angazi ukuthi ngiqale kuphi?

Okokuqala, ngaphambi kokuba uqale noma iyiphi iphrojekthi, kufanele uchaze umbono wephrojekthi nokubaluleka kwayo.
Umbono wephrojekthi uyisisekelo lapho zonke ezinye izinyathelo zizokwakhiwa khona, ngakho-ke umbono wakho kufanele uhluke futhi uhlangabezane nezidingo zemakethe yendawo noma yomhlaba wonke.

Okwesibili, ngaphambi kokuqala iphrojekthi, kufanele wenze ucwaningo olunokwenzeka ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi kungenzeka yini iphrojekthi kanye nenzuzo yayo engaba khona.
Lolu cwaningo luzokusiza ukuthi uhlole imakethe, uhlonze ukuncintisana, uhlonze izethameli eziqondiwe, futhi ulinganise izindleko kanye nemali engenayo elindelekile.

Okulandelayo, kufanele uthuthukise uhlelo lwebhizinisi olunemininingwane echaza imigomo nezinyathelo ozozilandela ukuze uzuze impumelelo yephrojekthi.
Uhlelo kufanele lubandakanye izinsiza zezimali ezidingekayo, ishejuli yokuqaliswa, uhlelo lokumaketha nokuphromotha, kanye nohlelo lokuphatha nokusebenza.

Okokugcina, qiniseka ukuthi unethimba elihlangene nelinobunye elingasebenza ndawonye ukufeza izinhloso zephrojekthi.
Leli thimba kumele libe namakhono nolwazi oludingekayo ukuze liphathe iphrojekthi ngempumelelo.

Ungaba kanjani umnikazi webhizinisi ophumelelayo?

1. Ukucabanga kwamasu: Hlaziya izinselelo ezibhekene nephrojekthi yakho bese unquma izixazululo ezifanele.
   Kufanele ukwazi ukubona isithombe esikhulu futhi ubeke imigomo ofuna ukuyifinyelela.
2. Umdlandla: Kufanele ube nothando ngephrojekthi yakho futhi ube nesifiso esinamandla sokuphumelela.
   Uma ungazizwa ugqugquzelekile futhi ungenamdlandla, kunzima ukwenza abanye babelane ngokuthanda kwakho.
3. Ikhono lokuxhumana nabanye: Ikhono lakho lokuxhumana nokwakha ubudlelwano obuhle namakhasimende kanye nozakwethu bebhizinisi liyisihluthulelo sempumelelo yephrojekthi yakho.
   Qiniseka ukuthi ulalela izidingo zabanye futhi usebenze ukuze uqinisekise ukwaneliseka kwabo.
4. Uzwela: Kumelwe ukwazi ukuqonda futhi uhlangabezane nezidingo zabanye, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bangabasebenzi noma amakhasimende.
   Bonisa uzwela nokukhathalela abanye futhi ubasekele lapho kudingeka.
5. Ukuqonda: Udinga ukuqaphela futhi uqaphele amathuba empumelelo nezinsongo ezingase zibe nomthelela kuphrojekthi yakho.
   Thuthukisa ikhono lakho lokuhlaziya idatha futhi ukhiphe ulwazi olubalulekile ukuze wenze izinqumo ezifanele.
6. Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo: Khumbula ukuthi izwe lebhizinisi liyashintsha, futhi lidinga ukuthi ukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezinguquko nezinselele.
   Thuthukisa ikhono lakho lokuzivumelanisa nokusebenzisa izinto ezintsha ukuze uthuthukise iphrojekthi yakho.
7. Ukuhlolwa Kwethalente Lomuntu Siqu: Hlola amakhono akho namakhono akho, bese ukhomba izindawo ezidinga ukuthuthukiswa.
   Khulisa amakhono akho futhi uwasebenzise ukuthuthukisa iphrojekthi yakho.
8. Nquma uhlobo lwephrojekthi futhi uqondise izethameli eziqondiwe: Thola insimu ofuna ukusebenza kuyo futhi uqondise izethameli eziqondiwe.
   Funda imakethe futhi uhlaziye isidingo nokunikezela ngaphambi kokuqala iphrojekthi yakho.
9. Ukuqamba okusha: Zama ukuthuthukisa umbono webhizinisi omusha nomusha.
   Dala umkhiqizo ohlukile nohlukile noma isevisi ezoheha ikhasimende.
10. Ukuhlela nokuhlela: Lungiselela uhlelo lomsebenzi kanye nombono ocacile wephrojekthi yakho, futhi ubeke imigomo elinganisekayo nengaqinisekiswa.
    Hlela umsebenzi wakho futhi ubeke izinto ezibalulekile ukuze uphumelele.