Izinga elivamile lendlala yegilo kowesifazane okhulelwe, futhi kufanele ibe malini i-TSH lapho ekhulelwe?

Izinga elijwayelekile lendlala yegilo kowesifazane okhulelwe

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, abesifazane bangase bahlangabezane nezinguquko eziningi zomzimba nama-hormone.
Olunye lwalezi zinguquko luhlobene nendlala yegilo.
I-thyroid gland kwabesifazane abakhulelwe ibhekwa njengenye yezinto ezibalulekile empilweni yowesifazane okhulelwe kanye nempilo yengane, njengoba ukuphazamiseka kwayo kuthinta kakhulu umsebenzi womzimba.
Kulesi sihloko, sizocacisa ngezinga elivamile lendlala yegilo kowesifazane okhulelwe nokubaluleka kokuyilawula ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhulelwa okunempilo nokuphephile.

Izinga elijwayelekile lendlala yegilo kowesifazane okhulelwe:
Amazinga e-TSH, okuyihomoni evuselela indlala yegilo, ayalinganiswa ukuze kunqunywe impilo nokusebenza kwendlala yegilo yowesifazane okhulelwe.
Endabeni yowesifazane okhulelwe, izinga elijwayelekile le-TSH lingaphansi kuka-7.5 mIU/L.
Uma ukufundwa kuphakeme kunaleli zinga, kungase kubonise ukuphazamiseka emsebenzini wegilo.

Izinguquko ze-thyroid ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa:
Indlala yegilo iba nezinguquko ezibalulekile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Indlala ikhiqiza i-hormone ye-TSH ngesilinganiso esivamile esisukela ku-0.9 - 2.51 ng/ml ku-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa, futhi iyancipha nakakhulu ku-trimester yesibili neyesithathu yokukhulelwa.

Ukubaluleka kokulawula amazinga e-TSH:
Lezi zinguquko kumazinga e-TSH zibalulekile ekukhuleni okuvamile kombungu onempilo.
Ukulungisa izinga le-TSH kuholela ekugcineni impilo yowesifazane okhulelwe nokuphepha kwengane.
Lapho izinga le-TSH likhuphuka noma liwela ngaphansi kwebanga elivamile, isimo kufanele sihlolwe futhi kuthathwe izinyathelo ezidingekayo.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-hormone e-TSH:
Ukufundwa kwezinga le-TSH okuhlukile kusebenzisa izigaba ezahlukahlukene ngokuya ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:

• Uma ukufundwa kuphakathi kuka-0.4 - 4.0 mIU/L, kuthathwa njengokujwayelekile kubantu abadala.
• Uma ukhulelwe, ibanga elijwayelekile lingaphansi kuka-2.5 mIU/mL ku-trimester yokuqala.
• Uhlu olujwayelekile lwe-TSH luyahlukahluka ngeminyaka yobudala nezimo zezempilo.

Yenza ukuhlaziywa kwe-TSH:
Ukuhlolwa kwe-TSH kuyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuhlola ukusebenza kwe-thyroid.
Lokhu kuhlolwa kufanele kwenziwe lapho kuhlolwa impilo yowesifazane okhulelwe kanye nesimo sendlala yegilo.
Kufanele uthintane nodokotela ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izivivinyo zaselabhorethri futhi unqume isikhathi esifanele sokukwenza.

Ingakanani i-TSH okufanele ibe lapho ukhulelwe?

I-TSH, noma i-hormone ye-thyroid-stimulating, ingenye yamahomoni anesibopho sokulawula imisebenzi yegilo emzimbeni.
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, amazinga aphezulu ale hormone avamile.
Ngakho-ke, amanani ajwayelekile okuhlolwa kwe-TSH ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa anqunywa ngokusekelwe ezilinganisweni ezahlukene.

Ngokuvamile, amahomoni okukhulelwa akhulisa amazinga amahomoni athile egilo egazini.
Ngakho-ke, kuvamile ngowesifazane okhulelwe ukuba abe ne-TSH ephezulu kulawa manani alandelayo:

• Izinga le-TSH elivamile kowesifazane okhulelwe ngaphambi kokukhulelwa: lisukela phakathi kuka-0.4 – 4.0 MIU/L.

Esimweni lapho kwakukhona ukuphazamiseka emisebenzini yegland yegilo ngaphambi kokukhulelwa, njenge-hypothyroidism, izinga elijwayelekile lokuhlolwa kwe-TSH yilokhu:

• Izinga le-TSH elivamile kowesifazane okhulelwe ngaphambi kokukhulelwa: ngaphansi kuka-2.5 mIU.

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, amanani ajwayelekile we-TSH ayahluka ngokuya ngezinto ezinjengobulili neminyaka.
Uma kungekho ukungahambi kahle ekusebenzeni kwe-thyroid, amanani ajwayelekile we-TSH ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa yilezi:

• Izinga le-TSH elijwayelekile kwabesifazane abakhulelwe: ngaphansi kuka-2.0 mIU.

Yini i-TSH eyingozi?

Indlala yegilo iyindlala ebalulekile emzimbeni womuntu edlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni amahomoni athinta imisebenzi yezitho eziningi emzimbeni.
Enye yamahomoni abalulekile akhiqizwa indlala yegilo i-hormone evuselela igilo (TSH).
Le hormone isiza ukulawula umsebenzi wegilo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamahomoni abalulekile egilo.

I-TSH ivamise ukuba phakathi kwebanga elijwayelekile elaziwa umhlaba wonke lika-0.4-4.0 mIU/L.
Uma unenkinga yegilo, incazelo “yebanga elivamile” ingase yehluke komunye nomunye.
Izinga elifanele le-TSH lokwelashwa kwakho linganqunywa ngokusho kwezincomo zikadokotela wakho.

Kwezinye izimo, izinga eliphezulu le-TSH lingabonisa izinkinga zegilo.
Izinga le-TSH eliyingozi libhekwa njengeleqa umkhawulo ophezulu oshiwo, ongahluka kuye ngendawo yaselabhorethri kanye nengqikithi yomtholampilo.
Ngokuvamile, uma izinga le-TSH lingaphezu kuka-4.0 mIU/L, lokhu kubhekwa njengokubi futhi kungase kubonise inkinga ngendlala yegilo.

Into eyodwa okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukuchazwa okufanele kwemiphumela ye-TSH kuhlale kuhlotshaniswa nezinye izivivinyo zamahomoni egilo njenge-T3 ne-T4. Ukuhlaziywa okuphelele kwalawa mahomoni kungase kunikeze ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nesimo sendlala yakho yegilo.

Ingabe i-TSH iyayithinta i-fetus?

Amahomoni e-thyroid abalulekile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, njengoba ethonya ukuthuthukiswa kobuchopho nesimiso sezinzwa ze-fetus.
I-hormone eyodwa ebalulekile kulo mongo i-TSH (i-hormone ye-thyrotropin-stimulating), enomthelela ekukhiqizeni i-thyroxine (T4) ku-thyroid gland.

Uma ukhulelwe, ibanga elilungile le-TSH yomuntu omdala lingu-0.4 kuya ku-4.0 mIU/L.
Izinga eliphezulu le-TSH libangelwa izimpawu ezivela emzimbeni kamama zokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni egilo, futhi lokhu kusiza ekubuyiseleni ukugxiliswa kwe-T4.

Uma kwenzeka izinga eliphansi le-TSH, kubaluleka ukuba umama aqaphele ukunamathela ekwelashweni okufanele okunqunywe udokotela.
Nakuba i-hormone yegilo ephansi ingathinti ngokuqondile umbungu, kungase kube nemiphumela engemihle uma ukwelashwa kungalandelwa kahle.

Kunconywa ukuqapha izinga le-hormone ye-TSH njalo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukukhulelwa akutholi imiphumela emibi ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu noma eliphansi lale hormone.
I-TSH ephezulu ingase inyuse ingozi yokuzalwa kukhubazekile ku-fetus noma yandise ingozi yokuncipha kobuchopho nokusebenza kwezinzwa.

Isibonelo, kucatshangwa ukuthi amazinga aphezulu e-TSH angase abangele ukungavamile ekukhuleni kwamathumbu e-fetus.
Olunye ucwaningo luphinde lubonise ukuthi ukuphazamiseka kwe-hormone yegilo kungathinta ukukhula kobuchopho kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesimiso sezinzwa ku-fetus.

Indlela yokufunda ukuhlaziywa kwe-thyroid yowesifazane okhulelwe?

Ukuhlolwa kwegilo kuthathwa njengokunye kokuhlolwa okubaluleke kakhulu okwenziwa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe.
Lezi zivivinyo zisiza ukuxilonga noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwegilo futhi kunqume izinga le-hormone elawula i-thyroid (TSH) emzimbeni.
Kulesi sihloko, sizofunda ngezinyathelo ezilula zokufunda ukuhlaziywa kwe-thyroid yowesifazane okhulelwe.

Isinyathelo 1: Qonda incazelo yemiphumela yokuhlaziya
Lapho ufunda ukuhlaziywa kwe-thyroid yowesifazane okhulelwe, amanani amaningana ayaboniswa, njenge-TSH, T3, ne-T4. Ngayinye yalezi zindinganiso iveza izinga le-hormone yegilo emzimbeni.
Imiphumela ingase iboniswe ngezinombolo noma izimpawu, ezingase zehluke kuye ngokuthi ilabhorethri.
Kufanele uqonde ububanzi obujwayelekile balelo nalelo xabiso kowesifazane okhulelwe.

Isinyathelo sesi-2: Buyekeza amazinga ajwayelekile amahomoni egilo kowesifazane okhulelwe
Ukuze ukwazi ukufunda imiphumela yokuhlaziya ngendlela efanele, kufanele ubuyekeze ithebula elinquma amazinga avamile amahomoni egilo kwabesifazane abakhulelwe.
Leli thebula libonisa ububanzi obamukelekayo bevelu ngayinye, ngaleyo ndlela ikuvumela ukuba uhlole izinga lala mahomoni emzimbeni wakho.

Isinyathelo sesi-3: Hlola izinguquko ezingeni lamahomoni
Izinga le-hormone yegilo i-TSH lingashintsha ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Ku-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa, izinga laleli hormone lehla ngokujwayelekile futhi lingaphansi kuka-7.5 mIU/mL.
Kungcono ukuthi ukhulume nodokotela wakho ukuze uqonde izinguquko ezilindelekile ezingeni le-hormone ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye nezinga lomthelela wazo empilweni yakho kanye nempilo yombungu.

Isinyathelo sesi-4: Xhumana nochwepheshe wegilo
Uma kukhona imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka mayelana nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-thyroid, kungcono ukukhuluma nochwepheshe we-thyroid.
Uchwepheshe uzokwazi ukuchaza kangcono imiphumela futhi akuqondise ezinkambisweni ezidingekayo uma kukhona ukungahambi kahle ekusebenzeni kwegilo.

Isinyathelo sesi-5: Ukulandelela njalo
Kubalulekile ukulandelela imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegilo kwabesifazane abakhulelwe njalo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Udokotela wakho angase aphinde lezi zivivinyo izikhathi eziningana ukuze aqaphe izinguquko ezingeni le-hormone emzimbeni wakho.
Khumbula ukuthi ukukhulelwa kwakho kungaphazamisa ukusebenza kwe-thyroid okwesikhashana noma unomphela, futhi kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa impilo nokuphepha kokukhulelwa kanye nombungu.

Ingabe imithi ye-thyroid ibangela ukukhubazeka kwengane?

Izinkinga ze-thyroid ziphakathi kwezinkinga ezivamile abantu abaningi ababhekana nazo, ikakhulukazi abesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Kunemibuzo ethile nokukhathazeka mayelana nomphumela wemithi yegilo ku-fetus yowesifazane okhulelwe.
Kulesi sihloko, sizofingqa ulwazi olubalulekile ngalesi sihloko.

1. Umqondo we-thyroid gland ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa:
   • Indlala yegilo iyindlala ebalulekile emzimbeni wesifazane, elawula ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni anomthelela ekulawuleni ukusebenza komzimba.
   • Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukubaluleka kwale ndlala kuyanda njengoba ikhiqiza amahomoni abalulekile ekukhuleni kombungu onempilo futhi oshelelayo.
2. Umthelela we-hypothyroidism ekukhulelweni:
   • Uma uhlushwa i-hypothyroidism, lokhu kungase kuthinte ikhono lakho lokukhulelwa nokukhulelwa.
   • Izinga eliphansi lamahomoni wesifazane emzimbeni wesifazane lingaholela ekukhuleni okungekuhle kanye nokubambezeleka kokukhulelwa.
3. Umphumela womuthi we-thyroid ku-fetus yowesifazane okhulelwe:
   • Abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele balandele imiyalelo kadokotela oqondisa isimo sakhe futhi baphuze imithi enqunywe njalo.
   • Lokhu kungase kuphakamise imibuzo: Ingabe izinkinga zakho zendlala zizowuthinta umbungu wakho? Ingabe izombangela ukukhubazeka? Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinkinga zendlala yakho ngeke zithinte umbungu wakho noma zibangele ukukhubazeka nhlobo.
4. Ukubaluleka kokulandela imiyalelo kadokotela:
   • Kubalulekile ukuthi owesifazane okhulelwe abambelele ekuthatheni imithamo efanele yemithi yegilo ngokusekelwe emiyalweni kadokotela.
   • Ukulandela imiyalelo nokunamathela emithini enqunyiwe kusiza ukugcina impilo kamama kanye nengane futhi ugweme noma yiziphi izinkinga.
5. Ukulinganisa ubungozi nezinzuzo:
   • Abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele balinganise izingozi nezinzuzo zokuthatha imithi yegilo.
   • Kungase kube nemiphumela ethile engemihle yomuthi kumama, kodwa ezimweni eziningi, izinzuzo zawo zidlula izingozi ezingaba khona kumbungu wakhe.

Ngazi kanjani ukuthi ukuhlaziya indlala yegilo kunempilo?

Indlala yegilo ingenye yezindlala ezibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu, njengoba idlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni imetabolism neminye imisebenzi yomzimba.
Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwendlala yegilo kuyadingeka ukuze kutholakale noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingavamile emsebenzini wayo.
Kulesi sihloko, sizokukhombisa ezinye izindlela ongazisebenzisa ukuthola ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwakho kwe-thyroid kuyinto evamile noma cha:

1. Ukuhlolwa kwe-TSH:
   Ukuhlolwa kwe-T4 ne-TSH kungenye yokuhlolwa kwegazi okuvame kakhulu ukuhlola ukusebenza kwe-thyroid.
   Ukuhlolwa kwe-TSH kuhlaziya izinga le-TSH egazini, futhi kusiza ukuhlola ukusebenza kwe-thyroid jikelele.
   Uma izinga le-TSH lingaphakathi kwebanga elivamile, lokhu kubonisa ukuthi umsebenzi we-thyroid unempilo.
2. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-T4:
   Ukuhlolwa kwe-T4 kukala izinga lehomoni ye-T4 egazini, okuyihomoni ebalulekile yegilo.
   Uma izinga le-hormone ye-T4 lingaphakathi kwebanga elivamile, lokhu kubonisa ukuthi umsebenzi we-thyroid unempilo.
3. Ukuhlolwa kwe-antibody:
   Imbangela ye-goiter ukukhiqizwa kwamasosha omzimba angavamile.
   Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-antibody ukuze kutholakale ukuthi akhona yini amasosha omzimba angavamile egazini.
4. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasound:
   I-Ultrasound ukuhlolwa okuvamile ukuthola noma yiziphi izinguquko kusayizi nokuma kwe-thyroid.
   Lokhu kuhlola kungasiza ekuxilongeni izifo zegilo ezifana nokukhula kwe-tumor noma ukwanda.

Ngazi kanjani ukuthi indlala ithule noma iyasebenza?

Kulesi sihloko, sizobuyekeza ezinye zezimpawu ezingase zibonise ukuthi une-thyroid engasebenzi noma esebenzayo, kodwa kufanele uqaphele ukuthi lesi sihloko asithathi indawo yokubonisana nodokotela onguchwepheshe.
Ngakho uma kuvela noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, kufanele uvakashele udokotela ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okunembile kanye nokwelashwa okufanele.

Izimpawu zendlala yegilo engasebenzi kahle:

1. Ukukhathala nokulala: Uma uzizwa ukhathele njalo futhi ulele ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile, lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yomsebenzi ophansi we-thyroid.
2. Ukuzuza kwesisindo okuphawulekayo: Uma uzuza isisindo esingafanelekile naphezu kokulondoloza ukudla okunempilo nokuzivocavoca, lokhu kungase kubonise indlala yegilo engasebenzi.
3. Ukukhula okubambezelekile kwamazinyo ahlala njalo: Ungase ubone ukubambezeleka ekukhuleni kwamazinyo akho ahlala njalo uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abaneminyaka yakho, futhi lokhu kungase kube umphumela we-hypothyroidism.
4. Ukuthomba okubambezelekile: Uma ubambezeleke ekuqaleni ukuthomba uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abalingana nawe, kungase kube ngenxa yendlala yegilo engasebenzi kahle.
5. Ukungakhuli kahle kwengqondo: Uma ukusebenza kwakho kwengqondo kungaphansi kwesilinganiso futhi ubona ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo nokufunda, lokhu kungase kubangelwe indlala yegilo engasebenzi kahle.

Izimpawu ze-gland yegilo esebenzayo:

1. Ukujuluka ngokweqile nokungakwazi ukubekezelela ukushisa: Uma uhlushwa ukujuluka ngokweqile futhi ukuthola kunzima ukubekezelela izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, lokhu kungase kubonise indlala yegilo esebenza ngokweqile.
2. Ukuqunjelwa: Ungase ube nobunzima bokukhipha indle futhi uqaphele ukuqunjelwa njalo, futhi lokhu kungase kube uphawu lwendlala yegilo esebenzayo.
3. Isikhumba esomile: Uma isikhumba sakho somile futhi ubona imifantu noma ukoma okungavamile esikhumbeni, kungase kube ngenxa yendlala yegilo esebenza ngokweqile.
4. Ukwanda kokuzwa amakhaza: Ungase uzizwe ubanda kalula futhi ngokungajwayelekile uma unendlala yegilo esebenza ngokweqile.
5. Ukuzuza isisindo ngendlela engavamile: Uma ukhuluphala ngokuzumayo naphezu kokuba kungekho zinguquko endleleni yakho yokudla nokuzivocavoca, lokhu kungase kubonise indlala yegilo esebenza ngokweqile.
6. Ukucindezeleka: Ungase ube nemizwa ephansi kanye nokudangala lapho unendlala yegilo esebenza ngokweqile.

Ukuze uthole ukuthi ingabe indlala yakho yegilo ayisebenzi noma iyasebenza, uzodinga ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze uthole izinga lamahomoni akhiqizwe indlala yegilo kanye ne-pituitary.
Izinga le-thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) namahomoni egilo (T3 ne-T4) egazini lakho ngokuvamile liyalinganiswa.

Kunini lapho indlala yegilo iyingozi?

Indlala yegilo idlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni komzimba kanye nempilo ye-metabolic.
Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuphazamiseka emsebenzini wayo kungase kwenzeke okudinga ukunakwa ngokushesha.
Kulolu hlu, sizokhuluma ngezimpawu nezimpawu ezibonisa ukuthi i-thyroid engasebenzi ingase ibe yingozi:

1. Izinga eliphezulu le-TSH:
   Uma izinga le-hormone ye-thyroid-stimulating (TSH) egazini liphakeme kunokuvamile, lokhu kungase kube uphawu lwendlala yegilo engasebenzi kahle.
   Lokhu kubangelwa ukuntuleka kwama-hormone egilo futhi kungaholela ezimpawini ezinjengokukhathala, ukukhathala, ukukhuluphala, nokuqunjelwa.
2. Izinga le-TSH eliphansi:
   Uma izinga le-TSH egazini liphansi kunokujwayelekile, lokhu kungase kube uphawu lwe-hyperthyroidism.
   Izinga lokukhiqizwa kwamahomoni egilo libe selikhuphuka, futhi lingaholela ezimpawini ezinjengokukhathazeka, ukwehla kwesisindo somzimba, ukuqothuka, nokwenyuka kwenhliziyo.
3. Izinga eliphezulu le-T4 hormone:
   Ukweqile kwe-T4 egazini kuwuphawu lwe-hyperthyroidism.
   Umzimba udinga inani elifanele le-T4 ukuze uwugcine usebenza kahle.
   Kodwa-ke, uma la ma-hormone eqile, angase abangele izimpawu ezinjengokukhathazeka, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okwenyukayo, ukuncipha kwesisindo kungazelelwe, nokushisa komzimba okuphezulu.
4. Ileveli ye-T4 ephansi:
   Uma amazinga e-T4 ehla, lokhu kungase kube uphawu lwendlala yegilo engasebenzi kahle.
   Umzimba udinga inani elanele le-T4 ukuze ugcine umsebenzi wawo ofanele.
   Ukuntuleka kwale hormone kungaholela ezimpawini ezifana nokukhathala, ukukhathala, ukukhuluphala, nokwanda kwamazinga e-cholesterol.

Isilinganiso esivamile sendlala yegilo ekuveleni kokukhulelwa

Indlala yegilo iyingxenye ebalulekile yesimiso samahomoni sowesifazane.
Idlala indima ebalulekile ekhonweni lokukhulelwa nokuba nezingane.
Ibanga elijwayelekile lale ndlala kwabesifazane abaneminyaka yobudala yokuzala ngokuvamile lisukela ku-0.4 kuya ku-4.0 wamayunithi wamazwe ngamazwe ilitha ngalinye le-serum yegazi (mIU/L).
Indlala yegilo kufanele ilinganisele futhi ibe ngaphakathi kwale mingcele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhulelwa okunempilo nokujwayelekile.
Uma amazinga alawa ma-hormone edlula ngokweqile noma enganele, lokhu kungase kuthinte kabi ukwakheka kolwelwesi lwesibeletho kanye nokuvuthwa kwamaqanda, okwenza kube nzima ukukhulelwa okuphumelelayo.
Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukubonana nodokotela wakho uma unokukhathazeka mayelana nempilo yegland yakho yegilo kanye nendlela engcono kakhulu yokuyinakekela.