Konke mayelana neshadi lomfutho wegazi ophansi

Ishadi lomfutho wegazi ophansi

Ukukubeka kalula, umfutho wegazi uthathwa njengonempilo uma ungaphansi kuka-120/80. Nokho, umfutho wegazi ongaphansi kwaleli zinga ungase ubangele izimpawu ezifana nokuzizwa ukhathele nesiyezi. Lezi zimpawu zingabonisa ukuba khona kwesimo sezempilo esidinga ukunakwa.

Umfutho wegazi ulinganiswa ngokusekelwe emsebenzini wenhliziyo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi phakathi nokushaya kwayo noma izikhathi ezithule phakathi kwayo.

Inombolo yokuqala (umfutho wegazi we-systolic): iveza izinga lomfutho wegazi ngesikhathi sokushaya kwenhliziyo kanye nokufinyela kwayo ukuze iphampe igazi.
Inombolo yesibili (i-diastolic blood pressure): ibhekisela kumfutho wegazi kuyilapho inhliziyo ikhululeka phakathi kokushaya.

Lapho umfutho wegazi ungaphansi kuka-90 systolic noma ngaphansi kwe-diastolic engama-60, sicabanga ukuthi umuntu unomfutho wegazi ophansi. Umfutho wegazi ophansi ungase ukhonjiswe uma amanani ecishe abe ngu-100/60.

Isilinganiso somfutho wegazi

Emkhakheni wezempilo, odokotela nochwepheshe basebenzisa amathuluzi athile afana ne-stethoscope nesiqapha somfutho wegazi ukuze bathole izinga lomfutho wegazi weziguli. Lokhu kuhlola kuvamise ukwenziwa engalweni eduze kwendololwane. Idivayisi yokulinganisa ingcindezi ihlanganisa izingxenye ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa ivalvu yokulawula umoya, iphampu yokwehla kwamandla emali, kanye negeji yeleveli yokucindezela esekelwe ku-mercury.

Ukukala ingcindezi, yenza okulandelayo:

1. Sifutha i-cuff esonge engalweni ngepompo kuze kube yilapho umfutho wegazi udlula izinga elivamile lomfutho wegazi, umise okwesikhashana ukugeleza kwegazi.
2. Okulandelayo, i-valve ivuleka kancane kancane ukuvumela umoya ukuba uphume kancane ku-cuff.
3. Udokotela usebenzisa i-stethoscope yakhe ukuze ezwe imisindo ebangelwa ukubuya kokugeleza kwegazi. ukungabi khona
4. Umsindo wokuqala ozwakalayo ufanekisela umfutho wegazi we-systolic futhi ukubaluleka kwawo kufanele kuqoshwe ngokubheka ukulinganisa ocingweni lwe-mercury.
5. Umfutho wegazi we-Diastolic unqunywa ngaleso sikhathi lapho noma yimuphi umsindo uyeka ukuzwakala, okubonisa ukuthi umfutho wegazi usubuyele kwesijwayelekile.

Le nqubo yokukala umfutho wegazi isiza ekunikezeni ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nesimo sempilo yesiguli, okwenza odokotela bakwazi ukunikeza ukunakekelwa okufanele kakhulu.

Ingakanani ingcindezi ephansi ikala?

Amazinga omfutho wegazi, isilinganiso esibonisa amandla egazi eliphusha emithanjeni, angahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezihlukene ngokwamanani aqoshwe ngamamilimitha e-mercury. Ngokuvamile, umfutho wegazi unamanani amabili: i-systolic, emelela amandla lapho inhliziyo ishaya, ne-diastolic, emelela amandla lapho inhliziyo iphumule phakathi kokushaya. Ngokusekelwe kulawa manani, izinga lomfutho wegazi linganqunywa ngale ndlela elandelayo:

1. Uma umfutho wegazi we-systolic ungu-90 mm Hg kanye nomfutho wegazi we-diastolic ungu-60 mm Hg, lokhu kubhekwa ngaphakathi kwemingcele ephansi yomfutho wegazi ophansi.
2. Ngenani lomfutho wegazi we-systolic ongu-60 mmHg kanye nomfutho wegazi we-diastolic ongu-40 mmHg, lona umfutho wegazi ophansi kakhulu.
3. Lapho umfutho we-systolic wehlela ku-50 mmHg ngomfutho we-diastolic ongu-33 mmHg, lesi simo sibonisa ukwehla okuyingozi komfutho wegazi.

Izigaba zalawa mavelu zisekelwe esikalini sezokwelapha esivamile, esibonisa ukuthi izinguquko zomfutho wegazi zingawela kanjani ezigabeni ezihlukene zobungozi, futhi lezi zigaba zisiza ekubonweni kusenesikhathi kwezingozi zezempilo kanye nokuthatha isinyathelo esidingekayo.

Umfutho wegazi ojwayelekile

Lapho sikala umfutho wegazi, silandela amanani amabili ayinhloko: umfutho we-systolic nomfutho we-diastolic, olinganiswa ngamamilimitha e-mercury. Umfutho we-Systolic ubonisa amandla aphusha igazi emithanjeni lapho inhliziyo ifinyela, kuyilapho umfutho we-diastolic ubonisa amandla lapho inhliziyo iphumule phakathi kokushaya.

Uma umfutho we-systolic ungu-130 futhi umfutho we-diastolic ungu-85, sihlukanisa lokhu njengomfutho wegazi ophezulu kodwa ngaphakathi kwemingcele evamile. Uma umfutho we-systolic utholakala ukuthi ungu-120 futhi umfutho we-diastolic ungama-80, lokhu kuyinkomba yomfutho wegazi ojwayelekile, onempilo. Ngenkathi umfutho wegazi uthathwa njengophansi kodwa ngaphakathi kwebanga elijwayelekile lapho umfutho we-systolic ungu-110 nomfutho we-diastolic ungama-75.

Lezi zilinganiso zigqamisa ukubaluleka kokuqapha nokugcina amazinga omfutho wegazi ebangeni elinempilo ukusekela impilo yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.

Ishadi lokulinganisa umfutho wegazi ophakeme

Ngezansi ukuwohloka kwamazinga omfutho wegazi nokuhlukaniswa kwawo ngokwezinga lawo lokuqina:

1. Uma umfutho wegazi ufinyelela ku-210/120, sisuke sibhekene nesigaba sesine nesokugcina somfutho wegazi ophezulu, okuyisona esiyingozi kakhulu.
2. Uma isilinganiso siyi-180/110, lokhu kufakwa esigabeni sesithathu somfutho wegazi ophakeme, okusho ukwenyuka okuphawulekayo nokuyingozi kwezilinganiso zomfutho wegazi.
3. Uma izilinganiso zomfutho wegazi zifinyelela ku-160/100, sikhuluma ngesigaba sesibili, esibonisa umfutho wegazi ophezulu omaphakathi.
4. Ekugcineni, lapho umfutho wegazi ulinganiswa ku-140/90, lokhu kubonisa isigaba sokuqala, esibhekwa njenge-alamu yokuqala kokwanda komfutho wegazi.

Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa isiqondiso sendlela yokuchaza nokuhlukanisa izilinganiso zomfutho wegazi, ukuze kucutshungulwe okufanele.

Ishadi lomfutho wegazi ngokweminyaka

Kulo mbhalo, sibheka ukuthi amazinga omfutho wegazi ashintsha kanjani njengoba sikhula, kokubili kwabesifazane nabesilisa. Kusukela ebuntwaneni kuya ebusheni bakhe, umfutho wegazi uba nezinguquko eziphawulekayo ezibonisa ukukhula nezidingo zomzimba.

Ezinganeni eziphakathi konyaka owodwa kuya kwemibili, umfutho wegazi ojwayelekile kwabesifazane usuka ku-80/34 uye ku-120/75, futhi kwabesilisa usuka ku-83/38 uye ku-117/76. Ngonyaka wesithathu, ifinyelela isilinganiso esilinganiselwa ku-100/60 kubo bobabili ubulili. Unyaka ngamunye odlulayo, sibona ukwanda kancane size sifike eminyakeni eyishumi nanhlanu, lapho umfutho wegazi ojwayelekile ucishe ube ngu-120/76 kwabesifazane no-120/78 kwabesilisa.

Iqembu lobudala elisuka ku-16 kuya kweyi-18 lizinzile uma kuqhathaniswa, njengoba umfutho wegazi uhlala ungaphakathi kwebanga elijwayelekile elicishe libe ngu-120/80. Njengoba singena eminyakeni yethu yamashumi amabili futhi sifinyelela phakathi neminyaka engamashumi amathathu nantathu, umfutho wegazi uya ngokuya ukhuphuka futhi, uqopha u-120/79 iminyaka ephakathi kuka-19 no-24, bese ufinyelela ku-122/81 kanye no-124/83 phakathi kweminyaka engu-30 no-39 kwabesifazane futhi abesilisa, ngokulandelana.

Kusukela eminyakeni engu-40 kuya kwengu-49, umfutho wegazi uyaqhubeka ukhuphuka, ufinyelela cishe ku-127/84. Lapho ufinyelela eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu ubudala, umfutho wegazi uqala ukubhalisa amazinga aphezulu kancane, afinyelele ku-129/85 kwabesifazane no-128/85 kwabesilisa.

Iqembu leminyaka yobudala elisuka ku-56 kuye kwengama-59 libone ukwanda okuqhubekayo komfutho wegazi, okuqopha u-130/86 kwabesifazane kanye no-131/87 kwabesilisa. Uma sesiwele umkhawulo wamashumi ayisithupha, umfutho wegazi uba ngu-134/84 kwabesifazane kanye no-135/88 kwabesilisa, okubonisa isidingo sokuqapha umfutho wegazi nokugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo njengoba sikhula.

Izimbangela zomfutho wegazi ophansi

Abantu babhekana nezimo lapho umfutho wegazi wabo uphansi kunokuvamile, futhi lesi simo singase singaholeli ezinkingeni ezinkulu ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kodwa-ke, kunezimo ezithile eziholela ekuqhubekeni komfutho wegazi ophansi futhi zingadinga ukungenelela kwezokwelapha, njenge:

– Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, isidingo segazi siyakhula ukuze sisekele umama nengane yakhe.
– Inani elikhulu lokulahleka kwegazi ngenxa yokulimala noma izingozi.
- Izinkinga zokugeleza kwegazi ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma izinkinga zamavalvu enhliziyo.
- Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni noma ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.
- Ukuchayeka ku-allergies enzima.
- Ukuba nezifo ezithinta igazi, njenge-septicemia.
- Izifo ze-Endocrine ezifana nesifo sikashukela, ukungasebenzi kahle kwezindlala ze-adrenal, noma izinkinga zegilo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminye imithi ingase ibangele umfutho wegazi ophansi njengengxenye yemiphumela yayo emibi. Le mithi ihlanganisa i-beta blockers kanye ne-nitroglycerin esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izinkinga zenhliziyo, kanye nama-diuretics, ama-tricyclic antidepressants, nemithi yokwelapha ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile.

Kunezimo lapho abantu bethola umfutho wegazi ophansi ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile. Lolu hlobo olwaziwa njengomfutho wegazi ophansi ongenazimpawu, ngokuvamile alufaki ingozi empilweni.

Izimpawu ze-hypotension

Ezimweni zomfutho wegazi ophansi, ochazwa njengomfutho wegazi ongaphansi kuka-90/60, abantu bangase babe nezinhlobonhlobo zezimpawu ezihlukahlukene. Phakathi kwalezi zimpawu kungashiwo:

- Ukuzizwa ukhathele.
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu.
- Ukuzizwa unesiyezi.
- Ukuzwa isicanucanu.
- Ukuzizwa udangele noma udangele.
- Ubunzima bokugxila.
- Ukubona lufifi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi umfutho wegazi ophansi ungase ubangele ubunzima bokuphefumula, obubangelwa izinguquko ekushayeni kwenhliziyo. Ubukhulu balezi zimpawu buyahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu; Abanye bangase babhekane nokungakhululeki okuncane, kuyilapho abanye bengase bezwe ukonakala okukhulu empilweni yabo.

Izinhlobo ze-hypotension

    • Umfutho wegazi uyashintsha lapho umile: Lolu shintsho lwenzeka lapho umuntu esuka lapho ehlezi noma elele khona eya kokuma. Lolu shintsho luvamile kubantu bayo yonke iminyaka. Umuntu angase abe nomuzwa omfushane wesiyezi ngenkathi umzimba ulungisa isimo esisha.
    • I-Postprandial hypotension: Lolu hlobo lwe-hypotension luvela ngemva kokudla ukudla. Kuvame kakhulu kubantu asebekhulile, ikakhulukazi labo abaphethwe isifo sikaParkinson.
    • I-nerve-induced hypotension: Lolu hlobo lwe-hypotension lwenzeka lapho umuntu emi isikhathi eside, ngenxa yokukhubazeka ekudluliselweni kwezimpawu zobuchopho. Izingane zingase zibe nalolu hlobo lwe-hypotension kakhulu kunabantu abadala. Ukuhlukumezeka kwengqondo nakho kungase kubangele ukuthi kwenzeke.
    • Ukwehla kwengcindezi okuyingozi: Lokhu kwehla komfutho okungazelelwe kuhambisana nokushaqeka. Ukwethuka kwenzeka ngenxa yokunganeli kwegazi nomoya-mpilo ofinyelela ezithweni ezibalulekile zomzimba ukuze zisebenze kahle. Le hypotension ingaba yingozi empilweni uma ingelashwa ngokushesha.

Ukwelashwa komfutho wegazi ophansi

Ukuqinisekisa ukulawulwa kwenkinga yomfutho wegazi ophansi, kunconywa ukuthi ulandele uchungechunge lwezinyathelo ezisebenzayo, ngemuva kokuqinisekisa imbangela yenkinga nokuqhuba izivivinyo ezifanele. Umgomo walezi zinqubo ukukhulisa amazinga omfutho wegazi nokugcina impilo engcono. Nawa amathiphu awusizo:

1. Khulisa ukusetshenziswa kukasawoti ekudleni.
2. Qiniseka ukuthi uphuza amanzi amaningi noketshezi nsuku zonke.
3. Phuza uketshezi oluningi ezindaweni ezishisayo nangesikhathi sezifo ezinjengomkhuhlane kanye nomkhuhlane.
4. Xhumana nodokotela ukuze ahlole ngokucophelela isimo sakho sempilo, okuhlanganisa nemithi oyisebenzisayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi incwadi kadokotela noma engekho kadokotela, ukuze uhlole ukuthi yimiphi engase ibangele umfutho wegazi ophansi.
5. Yamukela isimiso esivamile sokuzivocavoca ukuze uthuthukise ukujikeleza kwegazi.
6. Qaphela lapho ushintsha kusuka endaweni elele noma ehlezi endaweni yokuma, njengoba kunconywa ukuba uhlale isikhathi esifushane emaphethelweni ombhede ngaphambi kokuma ukuze ugweme izinkinga zokujikeleza.
7. Qaphela ukuthi ungami isikhathi eside unganyakazi.
8. Gwema ukugeza ngamanzi ashisayo isikhathi eside, futhi qiniseka ukuthi kunesihlalo ongahlala kuso uma kwenzeka uzizwa unesiyezi ukuze uvimbele ukwehla komfutho wegazi.
9. Yehlisa ukudla ukudla okunothe ngama-carbohydrate futhi uphumule ngemva kokudla.

Ukulandela lezi ziqondiso kungasiza kakhulu ekulawuleni umfutho wegazi ophansi futhi kuthuthukise izinga lempilo.

Amathiphu okugcina umfutho wegazi ojwayelekile

Ukugcina amazinga omfutho wegazi engaphakathi kwemikhawulo elinganiselwe, kubalulekile ukulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo nelinganiselayo. Nawa amanye amathiphu awusizo kulabo abanomfutho wegazi ophezulu:

- Sebenza ukuze uzuze futhi ugcine isisindo esifanele, ucabangela ukubaluleka kokunciphisa isisindo esiningi nokuhlala kude nokukhuluphala ukuze uthuthukise impilo yenhliziyo nokunciphisa umfutho wegazi.
- Zibandakanye emisebenzini engokwenyama njalo, njengoba kunconywa ukuba uhlanganyele ekuzivocavoca amahora angekho ngaphansi kwamahora amabili nesigamu ngesonto. Imisebenzi enjengokubhukuda, ukuhamba ngezinyawo, nokuhamba ngebhayisikili inomthelela omkhulu ekusekeleni impilo yenhliziyo nokunciphisa ingozi yokuhlupheka ngenxa yezinkinga zomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
– Yehlisa ukusetshenziswa kukasawoti ngoba i-sodium ekuwo ingadala umfutho wegazi ophezulu. Kungcono ukuqapha inani likasawoti ekudleni okugayiwe kanye nokusheshayo esikudlayo.
- Yidla imifino nezithelo ngobuningi obanele ukuze uqinisekise ukuthola amavithamini namaminerali adingekayo ukuze ube nenhliziyo eqinile nenempilo. Kunconywa ukuthi udle ama-4 kuya ku-5 ama-servings ayo nsuku zonke ukusiza ukuvimbela izifo ezihlukahlukene.
Yehlisa ukuphuza utshwala ngoba, ngaphezu kwezingozi eziningi zezempilo ezibangelwayo, kuphakamisa umfutho wegazi.

Ukulandela lawa macebiso njalo kungaba negalelo elikhulu ekugcineni umfutho wegazi onempilo kanye nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila iyonke.

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