Ishadi lomfutho wegazi ophansi

Ishadi lomfutho wegazi ophansi

Umfutho wegazi ophansi ungenye yezimo zezempilo ezingase zibe nomthelela empilweni yomuntu.
Umfutho wegazi ngokuvamile ubhekwa uphansi ngoba ukufundwa komfutho wegazi wehlela ngaphansi kuka-90 mmHg enombolweni ephezulu (systolic) noma engu-60 mmHg enombolweni engezansi (diastolic).
Lezi zinombolo zibonisa umfutho odingekayo ukuze umpompe igazi emithanjeni yegazi.

Ukuqoqa ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nomfutho wegazi ophansi, ojwayelekile, nophezulu kanye nokwazi ithebula lomfutho wegazi ngokuya ngeminyaka, izimbangela eziholela ekwehleni komfutho wegazi, izimpawu, kanye nezinhlobo zomfutho wegazi ophansi, silungiselele ithebula elilandelayo :

• Ngokusekelwe kuleli thebula elingenhla, abantu abanomfutho wegazi ophansi bangezwa izimpawu ezifana nesiyezi kanye nokuquleka.

Umfutho wegazi ojwayelekile uncike ezicini eziningi, njengeminyaka yobudala, isimo sezempilo esijwayelekile, nokusebenza komzimba.
Isibonelo, abasubathi banomfutho wegazi ophansi uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abajwayelekile.
Ukwazi ibanga elijwayelekile lomfutho wegazi kungabaluleka, ikakhulukazi uma kunezici eziyingozi zomfutho wegazi ophakeme njengokukhuluphala kanye nesifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.

Ingakanani ingcindezi ephansi eyingozi?

• Umfutho wegazi ophansi ungaba yingozi kwezinye izimo, njengoba kwenzeka lapho umfutho wegazi we-systolic ungaphansi kuka-90 mm/Hg, noma umfutho wegazi we-diastolic ungaphansi kuka-60 mm/Hg.

• Lapho uhlola umfutho wegazi, izinombolo ezimbili zirekhodwa.
• Isibonelo, umfutho wakho wegazi ungase ube ngu-120/80, lapho sithi “120 phezu kuka-80.”

• Umfutho wegazi ophansi awubangeli noma yiziphi izimpawu futhi awudingi ukwelashwa, futhi leli zinga eliphansi lomfutho wegazi libhekwa njengento evamile kulabo abanalesi simo.

• Umbiko oshicilelwe kusizindalwazi seCleveland Clinic ubonise ukuthi umfutho wegazi ophansi uyenzeka uma wehla ngaphansi kwebanga elivamile.

Kunezimo lapho umfutho wegazi ophansi ungase ube yingozi empilweni, njengezimo zokushaqeka kwe-anaphylactic okwenzeka ngenxa yokungezwani komzimba ngokweqile.
Lezi zimo zihlanganisa umzimba ukulahlekelwa igazi nomoya-mpilo odingekayo ukuze usebenze kahle.
Abantu abaphethwe yilezi zimo kumele bathole ukwelashwa ukuze bagweme izinkinga ezinkulu ezingokomzimba.

Umfutho wegazi ophansi uthathwa njengento enhle uma ungaphansi kuka-120/80, kodwa kufanele uqaphe lesi simo futhi uhlale uqaphile nganoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile ezingase zivele.
Lapho besola izinkinga zempilo ezintsha noma izimpawu ezingavamile, abantu kufanele bathinte udokotela onguchwepheshe ukuze bathole ukuxilonga nokwelashwa okufanele

Yini okufanele udle lapho umfutho wegazi uphansi?

• Uma unomfutho wegazi ophansi, umuntu angase azizwe ekhathele, enesiyezi, futhi ephelelwa amandla.
• Nazi ezinye izinketho zokudla ezingakusiza ukuthi ubhekane nale nkinga.

• Uju: Ukudla isipuni esisodwa soju kungasiza ekuxazululeni inkinga yomfutho wegazi ophansi.
  Vele ugcwalise isipuni bese usithatha futhi uzozizwa ungcono ngaso leso sikhathi.
• Yidla ama-carbohydrate anempilo: Faka esikhundleni samacarbohydrate alula ngezithelo, imifino, nokusanhlamvu okuphelele njengesinkwa sikakolweni, irayisi elinsundu, i-oats, nemifino.
  Lokhu kusiza ukugcina amazinga eglucose egazi ajwayelekile.
• Yidla ukudla okunothe nge-folic acid: I-Folic acid isiza ukuthuthukisa izinga lomoya-mpilo egazini futhi ivimbele ukuntuleka kwegazi emzimbeni.
  I-folic acid ingatholakala ku-asparagus, i-broccoli, isibindi, kanye nemifino efana ne-lentils kanye ne-chickpeas.
• Ukudla omisiwe: Omisiwe aqukethe amaphesenti aphezulu kashukela wemvelo kanye nemisoco enenzuzo, futhi iyisinqumo esihle sokwandisa amazinga amandla kanye nokunyusa umfutho wegazi.
• Gwema ukudla okunosawoti omningi: Ukudla ukudla okunosawoti kungase kwenyuse umfutho wegazi ophansi, ngakho kufanele kugwenywe ngangokunokwenzeka.
  Ngaphandle kwalokho, zama ukudla ucezu lwe-pickle, inhlanzi enosawoti, noma i-cottage shizi.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uma uhlushwa umfutho wegazi ophansi njalo noma unezimpawu zesikhathi eside nezinzima, kufanele uthintane nodokotela ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa okungcono.

Yikuphi okuyingozi kakhulu, umfutho wegazi ophakeme noma ophansi?

Abanye bacabanga ukuthi umfutho wegazi ophansi ungase ungabi yingozi kangako kunomfutho wegazi ophakeme, kodwa empeleni, abantu abanomfutho wegazi ophansi bangabhekwa njengenhlanhla.
UDkt. Zainab Hassan Hammam uchaza ukuthi ukucindezela okuphansi akubangeli noma yimuphi umonakalo ezicutshini zomzimba futhi akukho miphumela emibi kakhulu esikhathini eside.
Ngokuphambene, umfutho wegazi ophakeme ungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zempilo.

Ngokusho kodokotela abaningi, umfutho wegazi ophansi udinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela futhi kufanele abonane nodokotela njalo ukuze alondoloze isimo sezempilo esizinzile futhi agweme noma yiziphi izinkinga.
Mayelana nalokhu, uDkt Hossam Mowafy, uProfesa we-Critical Care Medicine e-Kasr El Aini, uthe umfutho wegazi ophezulu uyingozi kakhulu kunomfutho wegazi ophansi, njengoba uthinta imithambo yomzimba futhi ungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo.

Umfutho wegazi ophakeme ungaholela ezigabeni ezinzima zomfutho wegazi ophakeme ngomfutho wegazi we-systolic okhuphuka ube ngaphezu kuka-180 mm/Hg, kuyilapho umfutho wegazi ophansi ubhekwa njengengozi lapho uvela ngokuzumayo futhi ngokuphawulekayo.

• Ngokuvamile, abantu abahlushwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme noma ophansi kufanele bahambisane nezeluleko zodokotela futhi balandele indlela yokuphila enempilo, kuhlanganise nokuzivocavoca okuvamile, ukuhlala kude nokucindezeleka, ukuyeka ukubhema, nokudla okunomsoco.

Ingabe umfutho wegazi ophansi ubangela isifo sohlangothi?

• UDkt Tarek El-Bashlawy, udokotela wangaphakathi kanye nomxhumanisi we-nephrology, ukuqinisekisile ukuthi umfutho wegazi ophansi ungabangela ukungalingani ekujikelezeni kwegazi, ngezinye izikhathi okuholela ekufakweni kweplatelet.

• UDkt. Anwar Salem Al-Awawda waphendula lo mbuzo ngokuthi: “Uma umfutho wegazi wehla ngama-degree angu-3 ngaphansi kwesilinganiso esivamile, lokhu kungase ngezinye izikhathi kubangele isifo sohlangothi.”

• Lapho umuntu ehlushwa umfutho wegazi ophansi, angase ezwe ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa lomoya nomswakama, futhi angase azizwe eshintsha kungazelelwe.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukwehla komfutho wegazi kungaba yinto enhle inqobo nje uma ungabangeli izimpawu ezilimaza izitho zomzimba.
Ngakho-ke, kutuswa ukunquma imikhawulo ephephile yomfutho wegazi ovumelekile noma usebenzise izindlela zokwelapha ezifanele, njengokuphuza uketshezi okuvamile.
Kutholakale ukuthi ukuhlola umfutho wegazi we-systolic uma ungaphezu kuka-80 mm Hg kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokuhlola umfutho wegazi ophansi.

Okokugcina, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amahlule egazi yizifo ezimbi kakhulu ezingase zenzeke ngenxa yomfutho wegazi ophezulu.
Uma kwenzeka isifo sohlangothi, sivimba ukugeleza kwegazi ukuya ebuchosheni.
Lapho umuntu esukuma lapho ehlezi noma elele khona, amandla adonsela phansi angabangela igazi ukuba lihlangane emilenzeni nasesiswini.
Ngenxa yalokho, umfutho wegazi uyancipha ngenxa yokuncipha kokugeleza kwegazi enhliziyweni.

Ngakho-ke, abantu abahlushwa umfutho wegazi ophansi kufanele baqaphele izingozi zalo mfutho wegazi ophezulu futhi bathathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze balondoloze impilo yabo futhi bavimbele amahlule egazi.

Yiziphi izifo ezibangela umfutho wegazi ophansi?

• Uma umfutho wegazi ungalingani emzimbeni, ukwehla komfutho wegazi kungase kubangele izimpawu ezingemnandi ezifana nesiyezi nokuquleka.

• Inkinga yokwehla komfutho wegazi emva kokudla ingesinye sezifo ezigqame kakhulu ezidala umfutho wegazi ophansi, njengoba lokhu kwenzeka lapho ukugeleza kwegazi kuqondiswe ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla ukuze kusize ekugayeni ukudla, okuholela ekwehleni komfutho wegazi nokubukeka izimpawu ezifana nesiyezi nokuquleka.

Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kanye nokuntuleka koketshezi nakho kungaholela ekwehliseni umfutho wegazi, njengoba umthamo wegazi emzimbeni wehla ngenxa yokulahlekelwa uketshezi ngokuhlanza, isifo sohudo, noma ukuchama amanani amaningi.
Lokhu kuholela ekunciphiseni komfutho wegazi kanye nokubonakala kwezimpawu ezihambisanayo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni okuphikelelayo nokuncane kungase kubangele i-orthostatic hypotension, isimo esivame ukwenzeka lapho umuntu enyakaza ngokuzumayo noma elele embhedeni isikhathi eside.
Izimpawu zalolu hlobo lomfutho wegazi ophansi zivela ngesimo sobuthakathaka, isiyezi, nokukhathala.

• Ngokuqondene nezifo ezihambisana nezinkinga zenhliziyo, izinkinga ze-bradycardia ne-valve zingase zibe phakathi kwezimbangela eziholela ekwehleni komfutho wegazi.
• Uma izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo liphansi ngokungavamile, liphazamisa ukugeleza kwegazi emzimbeni, okubangela umfutho wegazi ophansi.

• Nakuba ziningi izifo ezidala umfutho wegazi ophansi, odokotela bangasibona lesi sifo ngokuhlola izimpawu bese benza izivivinyo ezifanele.

Ekugcineni, lo mbiko uhlose ukukhomba izifo ezidala ukwehla komfutho wegazi, ukuze abantu abanalezi zifo bahlale bethintana nodokotela ukuze baqaphe isimo sabo futhi baqinisekise ukuthi bathola ukwelashwa okufanele.

Ingabe umfutho wegazi ophansi uhlobene nenhliziyo?

• Ucwaningo lwakamuva lubike ukuthi umfutho wegazi ophansi ungase uhlobane nenhliziyo.

• Igama elithi umfutho wegazi ophansi libhekisela lapho umfutho wegazi wehla ngokwanele ukuze ubangele izimpawu ezifana nesiyezi nokuquleka.

Kuphinde kwatholakala ukuxhumana phakathi kokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo nomfutho wegazi ophansi.
Lapho ukungalingani kukagesi kwenzeka enhliziyweni, lokhu kungase kubangele ukushaya kwenhliziyo kukhuphuke, futhi isizathu salokhu kungenxa yokungakhulumisani kahle phakathi kwenhliziyo nobuchopho.

Kukhona futhi ukuphazamiseka okungajwayelekile okuthinta abantu abane-orthostatic hypotension.
Ngokuphathelene nobuhlobo phakathi komfutho wegazi ophansi nesifo senhliziyo, awukho umkhuba ocacile.
UDkt. Ahmed Magdy, onguchwepheshe wezifo zenhliziyo, uyaqinisekisa ukuthi umfutho ophansi uwuphawu lokuthi inhliziyo ayilimpompi igazi njalo, futhi kungase kube yinto evamile inqobo nje uma ingahambisani nanoma yiziphi izimpawu.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi izimo ezithile zenhliziyo ezifana ne-bradycardia (izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo eliphansi ngokungavamile), izinkinga zevalvu yenhliziyo, nokuhlasela kwenhliziyo kungase kuholele ekucindezelekeni kwegazi okuphansi.
Ukwehla komfutho wegazi kungase kube inkomba yokuthi inhliziyo yakho, ubuchopho nezinye izitho ezibalulekile azikutholi ukugeleza kwegazi okwanele.
Ngakho-ke, umzimba uba sengozini yesifo senhliziyo.

Kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela uma umfutho wegazi wehla ngokuzumayo noma ubona izimpawu ezifana nesiyezi nokuquleka.
Kungase kube nesidingo sokuhlola impilo yenhliziyo yakho futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokulondoloza impilo yenhliziyo nokuvimbela izifo ezihlobene.

Ingabe ukungalali kubangela umfutho wegazi ophansi?

• Ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonisa ukuthi ukungalali kungase kuhlotshaniswe nokwehla komfutho wegazi.

Umzimba udinga isikhathi esanele sokulala ukuze ululame futhi ubuyisele amandla, futhi lapho umuntu entula ukulala ngokwanele, kungathinta impilo yakhe yonke, kuhlanganise nomfutho wegazi.

• Ukuhlobana phakathi kokungalali nomfutho wegazi ophansi Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi kunokuhlobana phakathi kokungalali nomfutho wegazi ophansi, njengoba ukulala kancane kungabangela umfutho wegazi ophakeme.
• Lapho umzimba uncishwa ukuphumula okwanele okudingayo, kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi ohlelweni lwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.

• Ucwaningo lwakamuva: Kube nocwaningo lwakamuva olubonisa ukuthi ukubambezeleka kokulala, ngisho nangesigamu sehora, kungakhuphula umfutho wegazi womuntu.

Ukungalali kuwuthinta kanjani umfutho wegazi?
Uma ukuntuleka kwamahora okulala kwenzeka, umzimba womuntu uthinteka kabi, njengoba ungandisa ukukhishwa kwamahomoni ahambisana nomfutho wegazi ophezulu.
Ukuntuleka kokulala nakho kuthinta isimiso se-vascular futhi kwandisa ukumelana kwemikhumbi enesibopho sokulawula umfutho wegazi.

• Amathiphu okugcina umfutho wegazi ofanele - Lala ngokwanele: Abantu abadala kufanele bahlose ukulala amahora angama-7-9 ebusuku.

Kuyini ukwelashwa kokucindezeleka kanye nesiyezi?

• Ucwaningo olusha lubonise ukuthi kukhona ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwesiyezi kanye nomfutho wegazi ophansi, ngaphandle kwezindleko ezengeziwe futhi asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa imithi.

• Uma umuntu engadli isikhathi eside, uvamise ukuba nesiyezi nesiyezi ngenxa yokwehla kwezinga likashukela egazini.

Nakuba ukwelashwa okushesha kakhulu komfutho wegazi ophansi kudinga izinguquko zokuphila, ukwenza ngcono isimo segazi kungafinyelelwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imithi.
Isethi elandelayo yemikhuba enempilo ingalandelwa ukuphakamisa umfutho wegazi ophansi:

1. Yidla usawoti omningi nokudla okunothe nge-sodium, ngemva kokubonisana nodokotela wakho.
2. Qinisekisa ukudla okunomsoco nokudla okuvamile futhi udle ukudla okunempilo ngesikhathi.
3. Phuza inani elanele lamanzi nsuku zonke ukuze uvimbele ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.
4. Lala ngokwanele futhi uphumule.
5. Gwema ukuma isikhathi eside futhi unyakazise izinyawo zakho njalo ngenkathi uhlezi.
6. Gwema uphuzo oludakayo nokubhema.
7. Nethezeka futhi uzijwayeze ukuzindla kanye namasu okuphefumula ajulile.

• Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminye imithi ingasetshenziswa ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophansi okwenzeka lapho umile.
• Isibonelo, umuthi i-fludrocortisone ungasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa impilo.

Abantu abahlangabezana nezinkinga zokuvilapha kanye nesiyezi kufanele babonane nodokotela ngaphambi kokuthatha noma yiziphi izinyathelo zokulungisa.
Udokotela onguchwepheshe kuphela ongakwazi ukuhlonza inkinga ngendlela efanele futhi anikeze ukwelashwa okufanele esimweni ngasinye.

Ingabe ukuntuleka kwevithamini B12 kubangela umfutho wegazi ophansi?

• Ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonisa ukuthi ukuntuleka kwevithamini B12 kanye ne-folic acid kungase kube nomthelela omubi kumfutho wegazi.

• Abantu abanovithamini B12 ngisho nokuncane bangase bazizwe bekhathele futhi bephelelwa amandla.

Ngokocwaningo, uvithamini B9 ungomunye wamavithamini asiza ukuvikela inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi emahlule ezigulini ezinomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushoda kwe-vitamin B12 kungase kubangele ukulimala kwezinzwa, ngisho nalapho izithako ze-vitamin B12 zithathwe kahle.

• Ukuntuleka kwe-Vitamin B12, eyaziwa nangokuthi ukushoda kwe-cobalamin, kuyinkinga enkulu yezempilo.

Ukushoda kwe-Vitamin B12 kungase kubangele izimpawu zomzimba, zemizwa, nezengqondo, futhi lezi zimpawu zikhula kancane kancane futhi zibe zimbi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Izimpawu ezivamile zokushoda kwe-vitamin B12 zihlanganisa isiyezi, inkumbulo ebuthakathaka, ukukhathala, nokugodola.

• Ngaphezu kwalokho, enye imbangela yomfutho wegazi ophansi ingaba izifo zegazi, ezithinta ukusebenza kahle kwesimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi.

Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa amazinga okudla okunomsoco kanye nokudla kwamavithamini adingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe impilo enhle.
Abantu abasola ukushoda kwevithamini B12 kufanele babonane nodokotela ukuze axilonge isimo futhi bathole ukwelashwa okufanele.